![]() The methodology is transparent, explicit and reproducible. ![]() ConclusionsĪ single case study suggests the potential utility of cluster searching, particularly for reviews that depend on an understanding of context, e.g. ![]() Additional data helped us to challenge simplistic assumptions on the homogeneity of the target population. We used these reports to understand the context for the intervention and to explore explanations for its relative lack of success. Relevant material included book chapters, a Web-based process evaluation, and peer reviewed reports of projects sharing a common ancestry. Items previously rejected by an initial sift were subsequently found to inform our understanding of underpinning theory (for example Diffusion of Innovations Theory), context or both. Our structured, formalised procedure for cluster searching identified useful reports that are not typically identified from topic-based searches on bibliographic databases. We followed up Citations, traced Lead authors, identified Unpublished materials, searched Google Scholar, tracked Theories, undertook ancestry searching for Early examples and followed up Related projects (embodied in the CLUSTER mnemonic). From a single “key pearl citation” we conducted a series of related searches to find contextually or theoretically proximate documents. In a systematic review of community engagement we identified a relevant project – the Gay Men’s Task Force. We sought to conduct a preliminary investigation, from a single case study review, of techniques required to identify a cluster of related research reports, to document the yield from such methods, and to outline a systematic methodology for cluster searching. A review team may find it more useful to examine a “study cluster” a group of related papers that explore and explain various features of a single project and thus supply necessary detail relating to theory and/or context. A single published report from a research project does not typically contain this required level of detail. Typically, when reviewing complex interventions, a review team will seek to understand the theories that underpin an intervention and the specific context for that intervention. The Lean Startup: Methodology.Systematic review methodologies can be harnessed to help researchers to understand and explain how complex interventions may work. Ross, J.: Why are contextual inquiries so difficult? UX Matters (2012). Portfolio Penguin, Penguin Random House (2011) Interaction Design Foundation Website: Contextual Interviews and How to Handle Them (2019). Holtzblatt, K., Beyer, H.: Contextual Design: Design for Life, 2nd edn. Gov.uk website, Contextual research and observation (2017). Accessed įarrell, S.: Field studies (2016). Keywordsīook of Knowledge, Usability Professionals Association (2010). Especially when designing services which are involving various user groups interacting with each other, combining offline and online tasks, or when developing B2B tools embedded in processes in the office, research in context is necessary. The case studies from the Ministry of Justice, from Greater Manchester Transport, and the Blue Badge project are showing why this method is so important for successful product development. The concept of contextual research has been developed by Holtzblatt and Beyer and for the first time completely described in 1995. It is applied when users' tasks are involving other people or processes which need to be observed to fully understand users' needs and goals. Contextual research is part of field study methods and used when exploring the context of usage of a product or service, or the cultural context. The method of contextual research is discussed, and three case studies from the public sector are illustrating how contextual research has been driving product development. This paper is part of a panel about user research methods and how they are applied to the benefit of products.
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